Unit+10


 * ** Latin ** || ** meaning ** || ** example or comment ** ||
 * ** ad hoc ** || formed or done for a particular purpose only || An ad hoc committee was set up to oversee the matter. ||
 * ** ad nauseam ** || repeating or continuing to the point of boredom || The apparent risks of secondary smoking have been debated ad nauseam. ||
 * ** bona fide ** || genuine; real || Only bona fide members of the club may use the clubhouse. ||
 * ** caveat emptor ** || let the buyer beware || The principle that the buyer is responsible for checking the quality and suitability of goods before a purchase is made. ||
 * ** circa; c. ** || around; approximately || The house was built circa 1870. ||
 * ** compos mentis ** || in control of the mind (often used ironically) || Please call me back later when I'm compos mentis. ||
 * ** de facto ** || in fact; in reality || Although the Emperor was the head of state, the de facto ruler of Japan was the Shogun. ||
 * ** ergo ** || therefore || cogito ergo sum ||
 * ** erratum ** || error; mistake || Lists of errors from a previous publication are often marked "errata" (the plural, meaning errors). ||
 * ** et cetera; etc ** || and the rest; and so on; and more || We urgently need to buy medical equipment, drugs et cetera. ||
 * ** ex gratia ** || from kindness or grace (without recognizing any liability or legal obligation) || They received an undisclosed ex gratia payment. ||
 * ** ex libris ** || from the books; from the library || In the front of a book: Ex Libris John Brown ||
 * ** habeas corpus ** || a court order instructing that a person under arrest be brought before a judge || The right of habeas corpus has long been regarded as an important safeguard of individual liberty. ||
 * ** in loco parentis ** || in the place of a parent || Teachers sometimes have to act in loco parentis. ||
 * ** in situ ** || in its original place || The paintings have been taken to the museum but the statues have been left in situ. ||
 * ** in vitro ** || (in biology) taking place outside a living organism (for example in a test tube) || in vitro fertilization ||
 * ** inter alia ** || among other things || The report covers, inter alia, computers, telecommunications and air travel. ||
 * ** per ** || for each || This petrol station charges $5.00 per gallon. ||
 * ** per annum; p.a. ** || for each year || The population is increasing by about 2% per annum. ||
 * ** per capita ** || for each person || The country's annual income is $5000 per capita. ||
 * ** per se ** || in itself/themselves; intrinsically || These facts per se are not important. ||
 * ** post-mortem ** || examination of a body after death; autopsy || The post-mortem revealed that she had been murdered. ||
 * ** pro rata ** || proportional; proportionally || The car rental charge is $50 per day and then pro rata for part of a day. ||
 * ** quid pro quo ** || favour or advantage given or expected in return for something || Similar to "tit for tat", "give and take" and "You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours." ||
 * ** re ** || about; concerning; regarding || Re: Unpaid Invoice

I spoke to the manager re your salary increase. ||
 * ** sine qua non ** || essential condition; thing that is absolutely necessary; "without which not" || Words are a sine qua non of spoken language. ||
 * ** status quo ** || existing state of affairs || Monarchies naturally wish to maintain the status quo. ||
 * ** terra firma ** || dry land; the ground as opposed to the air or sea || Shackleton and his men set foot on terra firma after three weeks at sea. ||
 * ** verbatim ** || in exactly the same words || I had to memorize the text verbatim. ||
 * ** versus; vs.; v. ** || against || What are the benefits of organic versus inorganic foods?

In the case of Bush versus Gore, the judges decided... ||
 * ** vice versa ** || the other way round || My telephone serves me, and not vice versa. ||
 * ** persona non grata ** || unacceptable or unwelcome person || From now on, you may consider yourself persona non grata in this house. ||